All Items
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Abstract: Conserved TIR domain proteins play essential roles in immune signaling, development, and neurodegeneration. Here, we identify Raw as a member of a distinct TIR protein family that functions as a cADPR-specific hydrolase, with catalytic mutations phenocopying delayed axon degeneration. While Raw and dSarm synergistically deplete NAD to drive axon degeneration, they antagonistically regulate cADPR...
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Abstract: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a major driver of gastric diseases, but with a global prevalence of nearly 50%, precise risk stratification among infected individuals remains challenging. Here, we constructed a comprehensive H. pylori proteome microarray encompassing 1,631 proteins and applied it to screen sera from patients with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), providing a...
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Abstract:
Human M-channels, primarily assembled by heteromeric KCNQ2/KCNQ3 subunits, are critical regulators of neuronal excitability, and loss-of-function mutations in either subunit are linked to epileptic disorders. Yet, the molecular mechanisms underlying heteromeric assembly, gating, and pharmacological modulation have remained largely elusive. Here, we present high-resolution cryo-EM structures of...
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Abstract:
The M-channel, a heterotetrameric voltage-gated potassium channel formed by KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 subunits, critically regulates neuronal excitability, with dysfunction linked to epilepsy and developmental encephalopathies. Despite its physiological importance, structural mechanisms governing its unique heteromeric assembly and subthreshold gating have remained unresolved. We present cryo-EM structures...
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Abstract:
Cell morphology reflects cellular states, particularly cell fates with specific spatiotemporal features, like the spreading of epidermal cells in skin. However, how cell morphology relates to cell fate and genetic programs remains unclear. In this study, we leveraged the up-to-date lineage-resolved 3D cell morphology dataset of worm Caenorhabditis elegans embryogenesis. Twelve quantitative...
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To achieve a PET system that simultaneously offers high sensitivity, high spatial resolution, improved signal to noise ratio (SNR), and depth of interaction (DOI) measurement, we propose and implement a high DOI resolution PET detector based on a 1.5 × 1.5 × 20 mm3 BGO crystal array. In addition, we introduce a vertical line-source irradiation DOI calibration method, which enables simultaneous...
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As essential biomolecules composed of proteins and carbohydrate moieties, glycoproteins play pivotal roles in numerous biological processes. The glycosylation level plays a crucial role in determining the functionality of glycoproteins. Therefore, the precise quantification of glycan components in proteins holds significant importance for research on and development of...
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Tokenization is a critical design choice in genomic language modeling. Widely used schemes---character-level encoding, fixed-length $k$-mers, and greedy subword algorithms such as BPE---show intrinsic limitations on DNA that are magnified by the small four-letter alphabet. To address this, we adapt Ladderpath, an Algorithmic Information Theory method that identifies nested and hierarchical...
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Biomolecular condensates formed through liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) organize essential cellular functions as membraneless organelles. Understanding their internal atomic-level chemistry is critical, but inaccessible to classical nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) due to their picoliter volumes. While emerging quantum sensing has extended NMR to this scale, applying this capability to...
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Abstract:
Identification of individual cells within heterogeneous populations is essential for biomedical research and clinical diagnostics. Conventional labeling-based sorting methods, such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting and magnetic-activated cell sorting, enable precise sorting when reliable markers are available. However, their applicability is limited in cells lacking defined markers or...